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Tikanga Māori

Tikanga are the customs and traditions that tangata Māori have kept and followed through the passages of time. It is important to follow tikanga Māori in certain circumstances not only to show your respect for the indigenous culture and people of Aotearoa but to also showcase Aotearoa's beautiful Māori culture to visitors.

Under tikanga Māori, there are two types of ceremonies for welcoming visitors a pōwhiri or mihi whakatau. 

Pōwhiri

What is a pōwhiri?
A pōwhiri is a formal ceremony used to welcome manuhiri (visitors) onto a marae.

Why is it important?
Pōwhiri is important as it signifies the coming together of two groups by removing the tapu (sacred separation) of the manuhiri making them one with the tangata whenua.

What is the pōwhiri process?
The tangata whenua (hosts/ local people) begin the welcome when the manuhiri have all assembled outside of the marae or premises. When going into the pōwhiri the manuhiri will have orgainsed their kaikaranga (caller) and their kaikōrero (speakers).

The pōwhiri begins with the karanga (welcome call) from the tangata whenua and she will be responded to by the kaikaranga from the manuhiri. The manuhiri will move onto the marae or premises and the calling will continue.

Once everyone is seated whaikōrero (speeches) are given by both tangata whenua and manuhiri. Te Reo Māori is the language used during a pōwhiri. After each speech, the speaker and their supporters will sing a waitata (song).

After the speeches the manuhiri will be invited to hongi (press noses) and harirū (shake hands) with the tangata whenua. The hongi is a sign of peace, life and well-being. Traditionally both men and women would hongi both men and woman but nowadays it is common for only men to hongi and instead a kiss on the cheek occurs between women and women and men and women.

Mihi Whakatau

What is a mihi whakatau?
A mihi whakatau is a less formal ceremony used for welcomes and openings. It has fewer protocols than a pōwhiri and takes place away from the marae. 

When to hold a mihi whakatau?
A mihi whakatau is a ceremony to welcome a person or group and is appropriate for a conference/meeting openings.

Why is it important?
Similar to the pōwhiri the mihi whakatau is important as it welcomes the manuhiri onto the land of the tangata whenua and lifts the tapu of the manuhiri and puts them under the mana (protection) of the tangata whenua.

What is the mihi whakatau process?
Manuhiri will be asked to take their seats before the ceremony begins.

A mihi whakatau commences with a speech from the kaikōrero of the tangata whenua, welcoming the manuhiri in te reo Māori which is then followed by the tangata whenua singing a waiata. The manuhiri can, but are not required to, respond to the tangata whenua in te reo Māori.

The mihi whakatau ceremony may conclude in much the same way as a pōwhiri, with a hongi to join the two groups together.

Basic Etiquette for Māori Welcome Ceremonies

  • Dress formally
  • Arrive on time- it is considered impolite to walk into a pōwhiri or mihi whakatau that is already underway
  • Ensure cellphones are switched off or on silent
  • Women walk together as a group whilst the men also group together
  • Men sit at the front of the seating area provided
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The Asia-Pacific Legal Metrology Forum APLMF is a grouping of legal metrology authorities, whose objective is the development of legal metrology and the promotion of free and open trade in the region through the harmonisation and removal of technical or administrative barriers to trade in the field of legal metrology.
APLMF 2004-2015
  • About APLMF
    • Mission, Purpose and Objectives
    • Who We Are
    • Membership Criteria
    • Full Members >
      • Australia
      • Brunei Darussalam
      • Cambodia
      • Canada
      • People's Republic of China
      • Hong Kong, China
      • Indonesia
      • Japan
      • Kiribati
      • Republic of Korea
      • Malaysia
      • Mongolia
      • New Zealand
      • Papua New Guinea
      • Peru
      • Philippines
      • Singapore
      • Chinese Taipei
      • Thailand
      • United States of America
      • Vietnam
    • Corresponding Members >
      • Lao PDR
      • Russian Federation
  • APLMF Business
    • Memorandum of Understanding Revision 2022
    • Memorandum of Understanding
    • Strategic Plan
    • Development and Approval of Guide Documents
    • Development and Approval of Administrative Documents
    • Annual Meeting Reports
    • APLMF Recognition Awards
    • Annual Forum and Working Group Meetings >
      • Japan 2016 >
        • Japan Meeting Documents
        • Japan Meeting Programme and Templates
        • Japan Meeting Registration
        • Japan Venue, Accommodation and Transport
      • Cambodia 2017 >
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      • Online Meeting 2020 >
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      • Online Meeting 2021 >
        • 28th Online Registration
        • 28th Online Meeting Documents
        • 28th Online Programme and Templates
      • Online Meeting 2022 >
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        • 29th Online Meeting Documents
        • 29th Online Programme and Templates
      • Philippines 2023 >
        • Philippines Meeting Registration
        • Philippines Visa, Venue, Accommodation and Transport Information
        • Philippines Meeting Documents
        • Philippines Meeting Programme and Templates
  • Metrology Basics
    • What is Metrology
    • ​​International & Regional Metrology Organisations
  • Training & Development
    • Training Overview
    • MEDEA Training Programme >
      • MEDEA 1 (2013 to 2018) >
        • Prepackaged Goods, Nanning China, April 2018
      • MEDEA 2 (May 2018 to 2021)
      • MEDEA 3 (May 2021 to 2024)
    • Training Videos
    • Active Working Groups Overview >
      • Goods Packed by Measure
      • Metrological Control Systems
      • OIML Certificate Systems
      • Quality Measurement of Agricultural Products
      • NAWI
      • Utility Meters
    • Subject Matter Experts
    • Disbanded Working Groups Overview >
      • Medical Measurements
      • Mutual Recognition Arrangements
      • Training
  • News & Publications
    • APLMF Guides >
      • Guide Test Procedures >
        • Average Quantity System
        • Bulk flowmeters
        • CNG Dispensers
        • Domestic water meters
        • Fuel Dispensers
        • Non-automatic weighing instruments
        • Non-automatic weighing instruments including substitution
        • Rice Moisture Meters
        • Taxi Meters
        • Electricity Meters
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      • 2019 Executive Committee Appointment - Vote
    • ​​Working Group Area >
      • Goods Packed by Measure Documents under Development
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    • Training Resources >
      • Grain Moisture Measurement
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      • Taxi Meters
      • Weighing Instruments
  • Training